Islam was one of the major religions of Earth. During the Crusades, Muslims, particularly those who fought in the conflict, were referred to as Saracens. (TV: The Crusade) The left hand was seen as unclean and wasn't used for cooking, eating, or greeting people. Muslims worshipped Allah, and used the prayer "Allahu Akbar", meaning "god is great". (PROSE: Lucifer Rising) Islam's holy book was called the Koran. (AUDIO: The Feast of Magog)
King Richard I of England fought Saracens in the Crusades. He was aided in his efforts by the First Doctor, Ian Chesterton, Barbara Wright and Vicki Pallister in 1190. (TV: The Crusade)
In 1240, Bishop Vasil hoped to form an alliance with the Mongols to fight against the forces of Islam. (PROSE: Bunker Soldiers)
In the 13th century, (TV: The Sontaran Experiment) Bloodaxe thought that Linx was a Saracen. Bloodaxe had heard tales of the Saracens' "eastern magic". (TV: The Time Warrior)
In the 1970s, two-thirds of the population of Kebiria was Muslim. (PROSE: Dancing the Code)
In the 21st century, Islamic terrorist group known as al-Qa'ida was active. In 2005, the Internal Counter-Intelligence Service - themselves seeing all Muslims as an enemy within Britain - faked a series of Islamic suicide bombings as part of a coup plot, and set up the suicide of Deputy Prime Minister Meena Cartwright to imply she'd been targeted for her faith. (She was, in fact, Catholic.) In the ensuing ethnic riots, dozens of Muslims were burned alive in a mosque in north England. (AUDIO: The Longest Night)
Rita was a Muslim, and believed the prison ship to be Jahannam, the Islamic concept of Hell. (TV: The God Complex)
In 2016, Amira was praying insha'Allah and had to imagine the call for prayer and guess the correct times. One was supposed to wash for prayer. (PROSE: The Stone House)
In 2157, Federique Moshe-Rabaan was a seyyed, a descendant of the Prophet in Islam. (PROSE: Lucifer Rising)
St John Colchester's husband, Colin Colchester-Price, was a Muslim. (AUDIO: Changes Everything) Colin's mother disapproved of the marriage. (AUDIO: Aliens & Sex & Chips & Gravy)