The Terran Federation, or simply the Federation, was a human state. It existed between at least the 26th and 41st centuries. (AUDIO: Occam's Razor, PROSE: The Evil of the Daleks)
It operated an orbital genetics laboratory called Pandora Spindle, owned by the Lauren Corporation. (COMIC: Pureblood) It was one of several powers that fought the Daleks in the Great War and freed six planets from their rule. (PROSE: The Evil of the Daleks)
In the 29th century, the Federation possessed 12 battle fleets. (AUDIO: Metafiction)
Kaston Iago and Carnell were fugitives from the Federation. (AUDIO: Occam's Razor).
Behind the scenes
It is implied in the Kaldor City series that this is the same Federation as the one from Blake's 7: Carnell originated in that show, and it was hinted but never confirmed that Iago was a pseudonym of the Blake's 7 character Kerr Avon.